Marketing Plan For Smart Goals - 992 Words

As you walk on a solid concrete foundation, you may not realize that the Smart Goal was implemented to achieve the goal that concrete conforms into a solid mass. In order for that structure to be successful a well thought out chemistry plan was designed, and instrumented through the SMART Goal success. To make your goal S.M.A.R.T., it needs to conform to the following criteria: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant and Timely. When implementing Smart Goals your mind needs to be clear and your thinking cap must be on and ready to explore and achieve the outcome. SMART goals provide one means of incorporating discipline in the planning process. I will prepare a Financial Plan for a prospect named Alice using the Smart Goals method to analyze her debt to ratio budget toward her future finances. Her preliminary focus is to pay off her student loan b. buy a house and save for children’s education c. accumulate assets d. retire e. travel around the world in a sailboat. 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Theme Of Ambition In Macbeth - 917 Words

Macbeth Essay In the play Macbeth, there are several different themes used by the author (Shakespeare). Some of the themes that are used in the play are ambition, guilt, things are not what they seem, and natural vs unnatural. Every theme used in the play is very important to the story. Ambition is one of the themes that is used in the play that are very important to the story. Most of the characters are shown to have ambition towards something at some point or another throughout Macbeth. One of the characters that shows a lot of ambition throughout the play is the main character, Macbeth. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is shown to have ambition towards becoming king. He does not show as much ambition towards killing Duncan as†¦show more content†¦Each character that shows guilt has their own reasons for showing it (Macduff for thinking that his familys death was his fault, Lady Macbeth for not telling anyone that Macbeth murdered Duncan and that she helped and Macbeth for killing Duncan), but they all felt it. As well as guilt and ambition, another theme of Macbeth is that things are not what they seem. This theme gets brought up several times, one of those times is right after Macbeth kills Duncan, another time this theme is brought up is when Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth to hide the fact that he was planning to kill Duncan, from Duncan. Before Macbeth kills Duncan, Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth to hide that he is going to kill Duncan it is another example of the theme that things are not always what they seem. 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Beowulf is an Old English epic poem that has 3182 long lines. It is important because it is written in Old English and is the oldest poem. It was written in the time between the 8th and the 11th ce ntury. The theme ambition is seenRead MoreThe Themes Of Ambition In Shakespeares Macbeth853 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent themes displayed in Shakespeares famous play Macbeth. Many of these themes play with nature, the supernatural, and fate. From ghosts to horses eating each other the play uses symbolism, language, and characters to portray these themes. During the play the audience learns of several themes such as ambition, guilt, fate versus free will, nature versus the unnatural, and how things are not always as they seem. Anyone who has read or seen Macbeth knows that his great undoing was his ambition. 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Marketing Research Krispy Kreme Free Essays

string(128) " Is the amount of people or has the same characteristic in the similar way or the same way which include all sex and every age\." GROUP MEMBER [pic] †¢ Usarat Rungruangrattanawadee1531007027 †¢ Chavivuth Soonthornsima 1511001933 †¢ Tirapitch Pichitnorakarn 1511007096 †¢ Arnuphap Chaiyaraj 1531007209 †¢ Pavinee Pinijkijsopon1531007530 Exclusive Summary As you know Thailand has many brand of donut and last year have new brand come to Thailand it is Krispy Kreme Doughnut. First time that they promote everyone interesting and exciting about that. Now it not interesting like beginning period. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Research Krispy Kreme or any similar topic only for you Order Now So, our group would like to study about customer preference and want to know about customer satisfaction with price, place, taste and location of Krispy Kreme Doughnut. We try to know all customer think with Krispy Kreme Doughnut and also our competitor. We use many methods to do the research. For this research we get some limitation from whether, time, confusing with questionnaire, and etc. As we research we get good information back for analyze the data and code data for do graph. Introduction Background 1937s A Humble Beginning †¢ Krispy Kreme Began More Than 70 Years Ago In Winston-Salem, NC †¢ Our Founder, Vemon Rudolph, Bought a Yeast-Raised Doughnut Recipe From a Chef in New Orleans. †¢ Today, All Krispy Kreme Stores Use the Same Proprietary Recipe That Was Used 70 Years Ago! 940s 1950s A History of Innovation 40s50s †¢ Improving the doughnut Making process through Innovation from the Beginning †¢ Krispy Kreme Was the First to Automate the Doughnut Making Process Soon After We Opened. †¢ These Innovation Remain the Foundation of Our Doughnut-Making Process Today 1960s 1970s The Store Experience 60s 70s (Our St ores are Fun Gathering place for Friends) †¢ The Store Expereince is the Brand for Our Customers. †¢ For Year, Krispy Kreme Stores Have Been Fun Places for Friends and Families to Gather Our â€Å"Doughnut Theatre† and You Team’s Great Customer Service are Critical Components. 1980s 1990s Hot Original Glazed 80s 90s (The famous hot doughnut experience) †¢ Krispy Kreme Signature Product Original is Our Original Glazed †¢ Our World Famous â€Å"Hot Now† Sign Signals To consumers that making Fresh Product †¢ Customer Young and Old Love Watching the Doughnuts Being Made Today Growing the Brand Worldwide (Sharing the Krispy Kreme experience) †¢ Today, Krispy Kreme has Stores in the United States, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East and Asia. †¢ We have More Than 500 Stores in 18 Countries More than 60% of Krispy Kreme’s Stores are Now Outside the US †¢ This Year, Krispy Kreme Hopes to Open Our First Stores in Domini can Republic, Thailand and Taiwan! Krispy Kreme in Thailand †¢ Krispy Kreme open in Thailand at Siam Paragon since 28 Sep, 2010 Situation Analysis First Krispy Kreme launchs in Bangkok at Siam Paragon. It has a Krispy Kreme trend because they have promotion for 100 prople get free Krispy Kreme but the first person of 100 people will get Krispy Kreme free all year. People very interest and excited about Krispy Kreme. Before it lunch in Bangkok, it reputation in aboard. For first 4-5 months, it has very long queues out of Siam Paragon. Someone who waiting in queues for re-sell all opposite side at Siam Paragon, they will up price about 10-20 baht per piece or someone get 50-100 baht per box for waiting in queues instead of the person who want it. Now Krispy Kreme is quiet, no body waiting for buy Krispy Kreme, you can walk to the shop and buy it without waiting in long queues. Now it has variety for favors, first it launches only original favor. Research Objective †¢ To study Krispy Kreme Customer Preference. †¢ To know customer satisfaction with price. To know customer satisfaction with place such as atmosphere, decoration and convenience. †¢ To know customer satisfaction with taste such as soft and sweet. †¢ To know customer satisfaction with reputation. †¢ To know some improvement that we think customer will accept or it will effect with customer or not. †¢ The last objective that we want to know is about competitor. Define problem and opportunity identification Problem is Thai people interest with Krispy Kreme lower than the beginning period, so male Krispy Kreme no more long queues although Krispy Kreme launch more favors, but not attraction customer like beginning period. Now Krispy Kreme has not yet opens a new branch although I think Krispy Kreme must to open new branch. Limitation of the study Our main target is student, so we divide into two groups for research. The first group is BU Student at City Campus and Second group is Student around Siam Paragon and BTS (Siam station). First limitation that we met we can’t do the research inside Siam Paragon, so we must to go outside it and stand at BTS. We go to research about 5 pm; this time is the times for student go for tutor. We have some problem about student don’t have more time for do our questionnaire. And we stay at BTS, we will met student who also hurry to back home. Until we meet one group in front of Siam Paragon, we go for research them but security guard is not allowing to research front of Siam Paragon. Second limitation that we met is some people they don’t understand some question and some people who say no with the question that we ask about last one month you ever consume Krispy Kreme or not, so it make that questionnaire fail. I must to do more questionnaires because we need 30 questionnaires. The last limitation that we met is weather, first of all we will stay at Siam Square, the place that reseller sell Krispy Kreme Donught but that they is raining day, so it make our can’t stay there. It hard to do questionnaire in raining day. Finally we decide to divide in to two groups first stay around BTS. We stand different door. Finally, The problem that we meet is from confusing with question, place and weather that we survey is not convenience for do the research but finally we get questionnaire enough to do the research although it has correct one and wrong one. Method Definition of the population Is the amount of people or has the same characteristic in the similar way or the same way which include all sex and every age. You read "Marketing Research Krispy Kreme" in category "Essay examples" Person are likely the same things and from one to others, they all in a group and as a group we called â€Å"population†. For example our group project we doing a research about donut which is the most popular and famous in Thailand now called â€Å"Crispy Cream† located in paragon shopping mall. As we research we want to know the amount of population which has the same things in the same ways such as like to eat donut or like to do the same activities, we don’t target only people who are under 30 but we do target all sex, age and people who are in Bangkok too. Therefore population are large group of people not even in the country can be all over the world who like to do or eat in the same or similar things. And if we want to target something we can target in a whole group of people which means population of something we want to target such as we want to know population of people who loves to eat donut especially â€Å"Crispy Cream†. Every research must have their population of their project which can tell u to analyze that people who you are targeting is like or dislike your product or services. These can tell u little more about people or customers are interest in your product or not. For example if high population it might means they like your product or service but if low population so which means that they might not be interest or not in the trends of nowadays. Sample plan and sample size Our sample plan is that we have conducted the sample of 30 respondents between the age of 16-25 both high school and university students who are consuming KrispyKreame donuts. To understand how these age group of people buying decision on the KrispyKreame products on their preference on taste, price, reputation, quality of the products. The population of ours target is the people in Bangkok who consuming the donuts whether consume themselves or buy for other people as a gift. However, the total surveys that we have conducted was 50 questionnaires but only 30 of them which can be useful for conclude the final sample which gives us 60% of the total sample size that we have been given out for the surveys. Ours sample method was we have used an exploratory method but in questionnaire type and we let them to fill out the form by themselves and as we have a cluster sampling type of method which mean we have selected the group of ours sample size for this particular surveys. Furthermore, the sampling method for ours survey was probability sample type as we have select the sample which in equal chance to be select to fill out the questionnaire. We have resampling the sample to conclude the result by looking at the sample that we have gathered to judge the total population of people who like to consume donuts in Bangkok area. Development of the questionnaire We started developed our questionnaire to answer the objectives. The questionnaire was created by all members in group. First time we draft developed it in class room to know just like which direction we will ask. We also make sure by consult with the instructor about the content in questionnaire. After that we had meeting again to do questionnaire in details. Each member helps together to developed questionnaire and tries to show the ideas and the benefit of that question to fit with the objective. We had use of computer and networks to help in developed the questionnaire by type and design the questionnaire. We also sent the questionnaire through the E-mail to each member in our group to help together to recheck the questionnaire in term of the word understanding and design again before launch it to the public in testing the questionnaire within BU city campus. After that we fix the questionnaire again before use it in real surveys. We chose Closed- ended type to be our question response format. We use both Dichotomous which provide two response options and Multiple response which provide more than two response options. We design to use closed –ended question because it provide options on the questionnaire which help respondent to answer quickly and easily. The more benefit is this type of question is also easier to analyze the data which proper for short period of time that we have. Moreover we also use Scaled- response format to measure the attributes of the Krispy Kreme doughnuts. We design in Unlabled scale which is purely numerical that allow respondent to express feeling and it also easily to code the data. There are more details in each questions following; †¢ The first part of questionnaire is Screening questions. It helps us to identify which questionnaire can be the sample or the representative of the research. The screening questions start from question number one to three. ? The question one is â€Å"Have you been purchased Krispy Kreme doughnuts during the last one month? † This question will be separate respondent who is the representative apart from who is not by the answer. The Scale of measurement is Nominal scales because it uses only labels in questionnaire. ? The question two is â€Å"How often do you consume Krispy Kreme doughnuts a month? † The purpose is to know the frequency of consuming Krispy Kreme doughnuts. The Scale of measurement is Interval scales because distance between each descriptor is equal. ? The question three is â€Å"Where did you buy Krispy Kreme doughnuts? † The purpose is to know is the respondent buy doughnuts from the Krispy Kreme directly or buy from the reseller. The Scale of measurement is Nominal scales because it uses only labels in questionnaire. †¢ The second part of questionnaire is General question. It will be the question about the purpose of buying Krispy Kreme Doughnuts and why. The general questions start from question number four to eight. The question four is â€Å"How did you know Krispy Kreme doughnuts? † The purpose is to know which way they know Krispy Kreame doughnuts. The Scale of measurement is Nominal scales because it uses only labels in questionnaire. ? The question five is â€Å"Purpose of buying Krispy Kreme doughnuts? † The purpose is to know the objective of buying Krispy Kreme doughnuts. The Scale of measurement i s Nominal scales because it uses only labels in questionnaire. ? The question six is â€Å"if you see long queue, do you want to wait in queue or not? † The purpose is to know the tendency of who will wait in queue if there is line. The Scale of measurement is Nominal scales because it uses only labels in questionnaire. ? The question seven is â€Å"Why you want to waiting queue? † The purpose is to know the reason why they still want to wait in queue. The Scale of measurement is Nominal scales because it uses only labels in questionnaire. ? The question eight is â€Å"Why did you buy Krispy Kreme doughnuts? † The purpose is to know reason why they buy. The Scale of measurement is Nominal scales because it uses only labels in questionnaire. †¢ The third part of questionnaire is Preference. This will give depth data in term of Krispy Kreme attributes. There will be sub-questions for question nine which give data in scale about price, taste (soft and sweet), quality, reputation and location (atmosphere, decoration and convenience). The purpose is to know customer preference in each attributes. The Scale of measurement is Interval scales because distance between each descriptor is equal. †¢ The fourth part of question is Compettition. This will help to generate data about the rivals of Krispy Kreme doughnuts. The questions start from question number ten to thirteen. ? The question number ten is â€Å"Do you purchase others donuts brand while purchase Krispy Kreme doughnuts? The purpose is to know that do the representative still buy other doughnuts brand while buy Krispy Kreme doughnuts. The Scale of measurement is Nominal scales because it uses only labels in questionnaire. ? The question eleven is â€Å"Which doughnuts brand that you purchase apart from Krispy Kreme doughnuts? † The purpose is to know who the Krispy Kreme doughnuts rivals are. The Scale of measurement is Nominal scales because it uses only labels in questionnaire. ? The question twelve is â€Å"From question no 11: why do you purchase those doughnut brands? † The purpose is to know reason why the representatives still buy those brands. This may help to identify which attribute is Krispy Kreme do not well. The Scale of measurement is Nominal scales because it uses only labels in questionnaire. ? The question thirteen is â€Å"Please rank which donut brands do you prefer the most? † The purpose is to know which brand do the representative prefer (order in rank). The Scale of measurement is Ordinal scales because provide rank-order to respondent. †¢ The fifth part of question is Improvement. These will help to know what could be improving for Krispy Kreme. The questions start from number fourteen to fifteen. ? The question fourteen is â€Å". If Krispy Kreme Doughnuts has a membership card, would it make you buy Krispy Kreme Doughnuts more than before or not? The purpose is to understand the potential of customer preference in membership card that may affect frequency of buying. The Scale of measurement is Nominal scales because it uses only labels in questionnaire. ? The question fifteen is â€Å"If Krispy Kreme Doughnuts launch new branch, where would you like it be located? † The purpose is to know where representative want Krispy Kreme to open new branch. The Scale of measurement is Nominal scales because it uses only labels in questionnaire. The sixth part of question is Personal data. This part will be detail about the representative which shows gender, ages, occupation and income per month. The purpose is to know details about the representative. The questions start from number sixteen to nineteen. ? The question sixteen is â€Å"Gender†. The Scale of measurement is Nominal scales because it uses only labels in questionnaire. ? The question seventeen is â€Å"age† The Scale of measurement is Interval scales because distance between each descriptor is equal. ? The question eighteen is â€Å"Occupation† The Scale of measurement is Nominal scales because it uses only labels in questionnaire. The question nineteen is â€Å"Income per month† The Scale of measurement is Interval scales because distance between each descriptor is equal. Questionnaire No. ___________ Interviewer’s name ___________ Bangkok University International College Questionnaire for Marketing Research Hello, I am student at Bangkok University International College. I would like to conduct survey about Krispy Kreme Doughnuts. I would like to ask you few questions about your experience with Krispy Kreme Doughnuts. It will take only few minute and this questionnaire is part of term project of Marketing Research and it will be confidentially. Thank you for your spending time to response to the questionnaire. / / / Please answer the following question by mark (in ( given below: ( ( Screening Questions ( ) 1. Have you been purchased Krispy Kreme Doughnuts during the last one month? (1 ) Yes ( ) No ( ) 2. How often do you consume Krispy Kreme Doughnuts a month? ( ) Once (1 )2-4 times (2-4 ) 5-7 times (5-7 )More than 7 ( 7 ) 3. Where did you buy Krispy Kreme Doughnuts? ( ) Krispy Kreme Doughnuts shop at Siam Paragon ( ) By reseller ( ) General Questions ( ) 4. How did you know Krispy Kreme Doughnuts? ( Friend( )Experience ( ) Media and Advertising ( )Other Please specify (_____) 5. Purpose of buying Krispy Kreme Doughnuts ( ) Consume ( )Resell ( ) Gift ( )Other Please specify (_____) 6. If you see long queue, do you want to wait in queue or not? ( ) Yes ( ) No (Skip question no. 7) ( 7) 7. Why you want to waiting queue? ( ) Trend( )Fashion ( ) Want to try/eat ( / )Other Please specify (_____) 8. Why did you buy Krispy Kreme Doughnuts? ( ) Price ( ) Reputation ( ) Taste ( )Location ( ) Quality ( )Other Please specify (____) Preference ( ) 9. How did you rate Krispy Kreme Doughnuts in term oftheir price, taste, quality, reputation and location? ( , , , ) | |Low( | | | | |High( ) | | |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 |6 | |9. 1 Price ( ) |   |   |   |   |   |   | |9. 2 Taste ( ) |   |   |   |   |   |   | | 9. 2. 1 Soft ( |   |   |   |   |   |   | | 9. 2. 2 Sweet ( ) |   |   |   |   |   |   | |9. 3 Quality ( ) |   |   |   |   |   |   | |9. 4 Reputation ( ) |   |   |   |   |   |   | |9. Location ( ) |   |   |   |   |   |   | | 9. 5. 1 Atmosphere |   | |   |   |   |   | |( ) | | | | | | | | 9. 5. 2 Decoration |   |   |   |   |   |   | |( | | | | | | | | 9. 5. 3 Convenience |   |   |   |   |   |   | |( ) | | | | | | | Co mpetition ( ) 10. Do you purchase others donut brand while purchase Krispy Kreme Doughnuts? ( Yes ( ) No ( ) 11. Which donut brand that you purchase apart from Krispy Kreme Doughnuts? (Answer more than one) ( 1 ) Bapple Donut Daddy Dough Dunkin’DonutsMister Donut Other (Please specify___________) 12. Form question no. 11; why do you purchase those Donut brand? ( 11 ) Price ( )Taste ( ) Quality ( )Location ( ) Other (Please specify___________) 13. Please rank which Donut brands do you prefer the most ( ) (1-5 1 5 ; 1= most , 5 = lease ) ____________ Bapple Donut ( ) ____________ Daddy Dough ( ) ____________ Dunkin’Donuts ( ) ____________ Krispy Kreme Doughnuts ( ) ____________ Mister Donut ( ) Improvement ( ) 14. If Krispy Kreme Doughnuts has a membership card, would it make you buy Krispy Kreme Doughnuts more than before or not? ( Yes ( ) No ( ) 15. If Krispy Kreme Doughnuts launch new branch, where would you like it be located? ( ) Central Plaza ( )The Emporium ( ) The mall ( )Robinson ( ) Super market (Tesco Lotus, Big C, Careful, and etc) ( , , ) Other (Please specify___________) Personal Data ( ) 16. Gender ( ) Male ( )Female ( ) 17. Age ( ) Less than 20 ( 20)21-25 30. 1-35 More than 35( 35) 18. Occupation ( ) Student ( / )Office Worker ( ) Business Owner ( )Other Please specify___________ ( ) 19. Income per month ( ) Less than 10,000 ( 10,000)10,001-15,000 15,001-20,000More than 20,0000 ( 20,000 ) ___________________________ Thank You ________________________ / Data collection method We design to use Exploratory research method to gain background information about the research topic. Exploratory also can help in define term and clarify problem. We use Secondary information to know and understand history or background of the company. It will provide how, when it establish and by whom. Normally, Exploratory research will be unstructured but for Krispy Kreme research we will use quantitative research to help in collection the data. The survey will use questionnaire which is structured question for respondent. The reason is that it can use with a large number of respondents and also easily for code and analysis. In collection mode, we use Self-administered which respondent have to completes the survey by his or her own. It is the most popular way in collection mode; some time people called it paper and pencil survey. The reason for using Self- administered is cost reduction and respondent can control the answer so, it will be affect to time saving. The location that we went to do survey is Siam Square and BU city campus. The reason is that our sample will be students who are in high school and university student. As the lifestyle of this group of people is like to hang out at Siam square so, Siam square is the place that majority of that student group like to go. If we went to Siam square we will get data from many type of student in that group. We divide members group to do survey in three small groups. To be faster to collection the data and avoid shy to do questionnaire with big group of researcher. In depth detail of the location, we did survey at BTS Siam, BU city campus. By the BTS Siam, we divide into two group because there is big area that can do survey. Nonsampling error reduction There are many types of errors that might occur during the questionnaire survey some might be avoidable but some might not due to the respondent’s behavior of the survey. However, the error also occurs with the field workers who hand the survey to the entire respondent to fill, they might not be effective to give the respondent an explanation of the question since they did not understand and explain the question to the respondent well. Furthermore, interviewer might perform their job by unsatisfied reaction to the respondent if they ask too many questions on the survey and might show it to the respondent by tone, body language or characteristic of the interviewer. Some might not give the respondent full explanation of the objective of the survey. This will lead to respondent error, since they did not understand how to answer so they did not answer it correctly or answer it guessing since they unsure on the question or whether they intent to committed an error on purpose since they did not attend to focus on the survey as they might be in the hurry or on the way to work or see friends or get tired from work so they did not willing to answer it properly. Some might get a distraction on the location of the surveys by interruption or crowed places to be able to fill the questionnaire. However, we can reduce such error by supervision on the field workers or training them on the understanding of the survey before let them out on the field. And for the respondent, we might check the answer before letting them go or go thought the question with them on by one so they can give the best possible answer. Not only an on field surveys that encounter a problem but other kinds of survey such as an online, mail, calling surveys also have the same problems. For an online survey, the respondent might have done more than one survey or might not answer the certain question that they did not want the interviewer to know such salary or occupation etc. Moreover, some even avoid to do it since they can just close the page on the web to avoid answer it. For mailing surveys might have a high set up cost to send to each household and might not get the mail back as they might consider a junk mail. Telephone survey, the interviewer have to follow up the respondent as some people might not be home or lazy to answer it on the phone since the might be in the middle of something such as cooking their meal, watching their favorite program. So to avoid such an error the interviewer might have to screening the questionnaire first before it complete, inspect the grammar error that might have confuse the reader and also the answer might have to be clear ,for example, scale question from 1 to 5 the respondent might answer only 5 or in the middle like 3. So these kind of screening might have been consider and need to be eliminate before conducting the questionnaire. Or providing a sample questionnaire to see whether the problems are might have occurred during the pretest. In addition, close supervise data collection and provide training to give the interviewer the best effort are also needed to minimize the error. Data analysis 1. For the question, â€Å"Have you been purchased Krispy Kreme Doughnuts during the last one month? † We analyze data by using Mode which is the value that occurs most frequently. The graph is response rate result from the survey is show that the 60% or 30 people of 50 answer Yes (Mode), while 40% or 20 people of 50 answer NO. (See graph at p. 31) 2. For the question, How often do you consume Krispy Kreme Doughnuts a month? We analyse by using Mean which result is 1. 2667(fx = 38 / N= 30) The graph result from the survey is show that the majority of the sample said they eat Krispy Kreme once a month which is 26 people out of 30 people as a percentage of 86. 67 percent. Next, the second high is 4 people out of 30 as a percentage of 13. 3 percent eat Krispy Kreme 2-4 times a month. Nobody said eat 5-7 times and more than 7 times a month. (See graph at p. 31) 3. This graph shows about where did you buy Krispy Kreme Dougnuts? We analyze data by using Mode which is the value that occurs most frequently. We research about 30 people. The majority of the respondent prefer to buy by Krispy Kreme Dougnuts shop (Mode) at Siam Paragon about 28 people out of 30 as a percen tage of 93. 33 percent and people who choose buy by reseller are about 2 people out of 30 as a percentage of 6. 67 percent. Finally, the people who consume Krispy Kreme Dougnuts they like to buy by shop at Siam Paragon more than they buy by reseller. (See graph at p. 32 ) 4. For the question, How did you know Krispy Kreme Doughnuts? We analyze data by using Mode which is the value that occurs most frequently. The graph result from the survey is show that majority of sample said they know Krispy Kreme from Media and Advertising (Mode) which count as 14 people out of 30 as a percentage of 46. 67 percent. The second high is people know Krispy Kreme from Friend which is 13 people out of 30 as a percentage of 43. 3 percent. The third high is people know Krispy Kreme from Experience which is 3 people out of 30. (See graph at p. 32) 5. For the question, Purpose of buying Krispy Kreme Doughnuts. We analyze data by using Mode which is the value that occurs most frequently. The graph result from the survey is show that the majority of sample said they buy Krispy Kreme for Consume (Mode) which is 26 people out of 30 as a percentage of 86. 67percent. The second high is they buy Krispy Kreme to be Gift which is 4 people out of 30 as a percentage of 13. 33 percent. And nobody answer resell in the research. (See graph at p. 33) 6. For the question, If you see long queue, do you want to wait in queue or not? We analyze data by using Mode which is the value that occurs most frequently. The graph result from the survey is show that the majority of sample said No (Mode) in wait in queue which is 77% out of 100%. Another said Yes which is 23% out of 100%. (See graph at p. 33) 7. For this graph talk about Why you want to waiting queue? We analyze data by using Mode which is the value that occurs most frequently. The graph result from the survey is show that 100% said they waiting queue bacause they want to try/eat Krispy Kreme doughnuts (Mode). (See graph at p. 34) 8. For the question, why did you buy Krispy Kreme Doughnuts? We analyze data by using Mode which is the value that occurs most frequently. The graph result from the survey is show that majority of sample choose Reputation to be reason why they buy Krispy Kreme Doughnuts which is 15 people out of 30 or (50%). The second high that people choose is Taste which is 11 people out of 30 or (36. 67%). There are 3 people out of 30or ( 10%) choose other which they said trend and variety. There are 1 people out of 30 said location and another 1 people out of 30 30or ( 3. 33%) said quality. The choice that nobody answers in the research is price. (See graph at p. 34 ) 9. This graph shows about the rank that customer rate with Krispy Kreme Doughnuts in term of their price, taste, quality, reputation and location. We analyse by using Mean which result for price is 3. 47 (fx = 104 / N= 30), soft is 4. 67 (fx = 139 / N= 30), sweet is 4. 47 (fx = 134 / N= 30), quality is 4. 3 (fx = 133 / N= 30), reputation is 5. 07 (fx = 152 / N= 30), atmosphere is 4. 07 (fx = 122 / N= 30), decoration is 3. 83 (fx = 115 / N= 30), conveneinve is 3. 37 (fx = 101 / N= 30). The first graph is shows Price, respondent prefer price in rank 3 with 19 people out of 30 as a percentage of 63. 33 percent. For the taste we divide into two categories are soft and sweet. For soft respondent choose Rank 4 with 10 people o ut of 30 as a percentage of 33. 33 percent and sweet respondent choose same Rank as 4,5 and 6 with 8 people out of 30, as a percentage of 26. 67 percent. For the quality respondent prefer rank 4 with 12 people out of 30 as a percentage of 40 percent. For reputation respondent prefer rank 5 with 13 people out of 30 as a percentage of 43. 33 percent. The last one is show location, we divided in to 3 categories. First one is atmosphere respondent prefer rank 4 with 12 people out of 30 as a percentage of 40 percent. Second is Decoration respondent prefer rank 3 with 12 people out of 30 as a percentage of 40 percent. Last one of location is convenience respondent prefer rank 3 with 10 people out of 30 as a percentage of 33. 3 percent. (See graph at p. 35) 10. For the question, Do you purchase others donut brand while consuming Krispy Kreme Doughnuts? We analyze data by using Mode which is the value that occurs most frequently. The graph result from the survey is show that the majority of sample 26 proplr out of 30 or 87% said they purchase others donut brand while consuming Krispy Kreme Doughnuts†YES† (Mode). Another part is 4 people out of 30 or 13% said they they did not buy others donut brand while consuming Krispy Kreme Doughnuts â€Å"NO†. (See graph at p. 35 ) 11. This graph shows about which donut brand that you purchase apart from Krispy Kreme Doughnuts? We analyze data by using Mode which is the value that occurs most frequently. It surprisingly, the most favorite donut brands that most of all the respondents on this survey preferred was Mister Donut (Mode) about 21 people out of 30 as a percentage of 70 percent, Dunkin’ donut and Daddy Dough are same as 12 people out of 30 as a percentage of 40 percent, last one is Bapple Donut is 6 people out of 30 as a percentage of 20 percent. (See graph at p. 36) 12. Form question no. 1; why do you purchase those Donut brand? This pie chart has show us the most preferences of people who buying other donuts brand in term of their price, taste, quality, location and other factors. We analyze data by using Mode which is the value that occurs most frequently. From what you can see taste (Mode) was the major factors that were considered by many people who are buying the other donut brands. Followed b y, location as it is easy to travel and with lots of transportations that can give them an easy access to get to the destination point. Furthermore, Siam Paragon is the place where most people are likely to go after work or meeting friends. Next, price was the third choice of buying and quality as a sequence. Since the price they would pay for the products must have the similar quality to the amount that they have pay their money for that why these 2 factors are follow each others. Other factors are considered to be last which is up to each individual person might have their own reason on their preferences. (See graph at p. 36) 13. This graph shows about Please rank which Donut brands do you prefer the most. We analyse by using Mean which result for Bapple Donut is 3. 7 (fx = 111 / N= 30), for Daddy Dough is 3. 2 (fx = 96 / N= 30), for Dunkin’Donuts is 2. 8 (fx = 84 / N= 30) for Krispy Kreme Doughnuts is 2. 7 (fx = 81 / N= 30), for Mister Donut is 2. 5 (fx = 76 / N= 30)This graph shows us the brands prefer the most by the 30 respondents. We have rank from 1 to 5 forms most favorite to least favorite according to the numbers. As you can see from the 1 rank, Mister Donut has the most preferred by respondents with 13/30 as the percentage of 43. 33 %. At rank 2 Dunkin’ Donuts has overcome KrispyKreme Doughnuts by one person which give Dunkin’ Donuts the second favorite brand among KrispyKreme Doughnuts by 10/30 as the percentage of 36. 03%. Between the rank of 3-4, KrispyKreme Doughnuts and Daddy Dough has the same amount among these two ranks which give them the same the number of respondents of 8/10 as the percentage of 26. 66%. The least favor donut brand at rank number 5 was Bapple with consist of 12/30 respondents are choose to be the least favorite brands of all. (See graph at p. 37 ) 14. This graph shows about If Krispy Kreme Doughnuts has a membership card, would it make you buy Krispy Kreme Doughnuts more than before or not? We analyze data by using Mode which is the value that occurs most frequently. The respondent answer â€Å"Yes† (Mode) 17 people out of 30 as a percentage is 65. 67 percent and answer â€Å"No† 13 people out of 30 as a percentage is 43. 33 percent. So, if Krispy Kreme Doughnuts has a membership it can effective with some customer. (See graph at p. 37) 15. In ours survey we have asked that if KrispyKreame Doughnuts will launch a new branch, where they would like it to be located. We analyze data by using Mode which is the value that occurs most frequently. Out of 30 respondents, 19 people or 63. 33 percent have chosen Central Plaza (Mode) as their first choice, followed by Emporium with 6 people or 20 percent have chosen it. Supermarket, such as Tesco Lotus, Big C, and Careful has been chosen by 3 people or 10 percent and Robinson as the last choice which only 2 persons or 6. 67 percent have chooses it as the new location. (See graph at p. 38) 16. For this graph talk about gender of respondents. We analyze data by using Mode which is the value that occurs most frequently. From the survey that we have interviewed, we have found out that 25 out of 30 people who have done the survey was â€Å"female† as the percentage of 83. 33% in total, whereas, male only 5 out of 30 give us a percentage of 16. 67%. Therefore, most of the women give us almost 90% out of the total number of all the respondents who given up their time to filled out the questionnaire for ours interview. (See graph at p. 38) Conclusion and Suggestion Surprisingly, from all 30 respondents that we have survey we have found out that the majority of Thai people prefer Mister Donut more than any other donut brands. Which give KrispyKreme Doughnut come behind Mister Donut and Dunkin’ Donut. So we can conclude form ours survey that Thai people are like to try new product as it first opening their products by giving to AF contender on TV show and many people may want to try it and wondering whether it is as good as it say or not. However, Mister Donut may be tastier to Thai people taste as it been in business for far longer than KrispyKreme Doughnuts so they know how Thai people taste would like it. In contrast, the reason Mister Donut was the first majority that Thai people are consider as their top donut brands might be that the price for these two brands are quite different to each others and many Thai people are mostly at the middle class status so Mister Donut would be the most reasonable price for many Thai people follow by Dunkin† Donut as both brands have a similar in term of the price. Whereas, KrispyKreme Doughnuts mainly target the upper class status people who have more purchasing power to buy. Where others donut brands might not fit Thai people taste such as Daddy Dough and Bapple might be to sweet or at the same price they would consider of buying KrispyKreme Doughnuts instead. To sum up, according to ours survey we can refer that price was the main reason for Thai people when they consider to buy the product whether such product are food or cloth or electronic stuff. Our suggestion we think KrispyKreme Doughnuts should have a new branch at Central Plaza because, we got the result that if KrispyKreme Doughnuts have a new branch where would respondents like it be located, almost people choose Central Plaza. I think if KrispyKreme Doughnuts have a new branch at Central Plaza it easily for consumer to buy KrispyKreme Doughnuts. By survey respondents think location it not more convenience for them. This is some suggestion that we think for KrispyKreme Doughnuts to reach more consumers. Appendix Bangkok University International College Questionnaire for Marketing Research For the coding we will show how we change choice of answer to be number in coding process. We will show the number that we use instead of label in color number after each choice. The coding number will show in red color Please answer the following question by mark (in ( given below: ( ( Screening Questions ( ) 1. Have you been purchased Krispy Kreme Doughnuts during the last one month? (1 ) Yes ( ) (1) No ( ) (2) 2. How often do you consume Krispy Kreme Doughnuts a month? ( ) Once (1 ) (1) 2-4 times (2-4 ) (2) 5-7 times (5-7 ) (3)More than 7 ( ) (4) 3. Where did you buy Krispy Kreme Doughnuts? ( ) Krispy Kreme Doughnuts shop at Siam Paragon ( ) (1) By reseller ( ) (2) General Questions ( ) 4. How did you know Krispy Kreme Doughnuts? ( ) Friend( )(1) Experience ( ) (2) Media and Advertising ( ) (3) Other Please specify (___) (4) 5. Purpose of buying Krispy Kreme Doughnuts ( Consume ( ) (1) Resell ( ) (2) Gift ( ) (3) Other Please specify (___) (4) 6. If you see long queue, do you want to wait in queue or not? ( ) Yes ( ) (1) No (Skip question no. 7) ( 7) (2) 7. Why you want to waiting queue? ( ) Trend( ) (1) Fashion ( ) (2) Want to try/eat( / )(3) Other Please specify (_) 4 ) 8. Why did you buy Krispy Kreme Doughnuts? ( ) Price ( ) (1) Reputation ( ) (2) Taste ( ) (3)Location ( ) (4) Quality ( ) (5)Other Please specify (___) (6) Preference ( ) 9. How did you rate Krispy Kreme Doughnuts in term oftheir price, taste, quality, reputation and location? ( , , , ) | |Low( | | | | |High( ) | | |1(1) |2(2) |3(3) |4(4) |5(5) |6(6) | |9. 1 Price ( ) |   |   |   |   |   |   | |9. 2 Taste ( ) |   |   |   |   |   |   | | 9. 2. 1 Soft ( |   |   |   |   |   |   | | 9. 2. 2 Sweet ( ) |   |   |   |   |   |   | |9. 3 Quality ( ) |   |   |   |   |   |   | |9. 4 Reputation ( ) |   |   |   |   |   |   | |9. 5 Location ( |   |   |   |   |   |   | | 9. 5. 1 Atmosphere |   |   |   |   |   |   | |( ) | | | | | | | | 9. 5. 2 Decoration |   |   |   |   |   |   | |( | | | | | | | | 9. 5. 3 Convenience |   |   |   |   |   |   | |( ) | | | | | | | Comp etition ( ) 10. Do you purchase others donut brand while purchase Krispy Kreme Doughnuts? ( ) Yes ( ) (1) No ( ) (2) 11. Which donut brand that you purchase apart from Krispy Kreme Doughnuts? (Answer more than one) ( 1 ) Bapple Donut (1) Daddy Dough(1) Dunkin’Donuts(1)Mister Donut(1) Other (Please specify___________) (1) * 1 it’s mean respondent choose that brand 12. Form question no. 11; why do you purchase those Donut brand? ( 1 ) Price ( ) (1) Taste ( ) (2) Quality ( ) (3)Location ( ) (4) Other (Please specify___________) (5) 13. Please rank which Donut brands do you prefer the most ( ) (1-5 1 5 ; 1= most , 5 = lease ) ____________ Bapple Donut ( ) ____________ Daddy Dough ( ) ____________ Dunkin’Donuts ( ) ____________ Krispy Kreme Doughnuts ( ) ____________ Mister Donut ( *It code by how many respondent prefer with 1(most) – 5(lease) in each rank Improvement ( ) 14. If Krispy Kreme Doughnuts has a membership card, would it make you buy Krispy Kreme Doughnuts more than before or not? ( ) 15. If Krispy Kreme Doughnuts launch new branch, where would you like it be located? ( ) Central Plaza ( ) (1)The Emporium ( ) (2) The mall ( ) (3)Robinson ( ) (4) Super market Tesco Lotus, BigC, Careful, and etc) ( , , ) (5) Other (Please specify___________) (6) Personal Data ( ) 16. Gender ( ) Male ( ) (1)Female ( ) (2) 17. Age ( ) Less than 20 ( 20) (1)21-25 (2) 31. (3) 31-35(4) More than 35( 35) (5) 18. Occupation ( ) Student ( / ) (1)Office Worker ( ) (2) Business Owner ( ) (3)Other Please specify_________ ( ) (4) 19. Income per month ( Less than 10,000 ( 10,000) (1)10,001-15,000(2) 15,001-20,000(3)More than 20,0000 ( 20,000) (4) ___________________________ Thank You _________________ / Coding [pic] [pic] [pic] Graphs 1. Response rate [pic] 2. [pic] 3. [pic] 4. [pic] 5. [pic] 6. [pic] 7. [pic] 8. [pic] 9. [pic] 10. [pic] 11. [pic] 12. [pic] 13. [pic] 14. [pic] 15. [pic] 16. [pic] References †¢ Gilbert A. Chu rchchill, Jr. , and Tom J. Brown (2007), Basic Marketing Research (6th ed. ), International Edition: Thomson South-Western. †¢ http://www. krispykreme. co. th/ How to cite Marketing Research Krispy Kreme, Essays

Surgery Programs Hasten Recovery after Colorectal Resections

Question: Describe about collect sufficient data about the service procedure system of ERAS in order to satisfy the demand of the patients? Answer: Introduction: This particular research provides an in-depth understanding about enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS). It is nothing but a multimodal pathway in order to provide a proper care and guidance to the patients before, during and after the surgery. Consequently, the family members of the patient party feel very safety and secured. There are several advantages of ERAS program. With the help of this particular program, patients become highly benefited. Therefore, this particular study has focused to the experience of several patients who have gone through with this specific program. Several relevant questions have been asked to them in order to know whether this particular program is at all able to provide them a positive response. For that purpose, a qualitative research has been made in order to collect the feedback from the patients about the relevance of ERAS. Rationale: What is the issue? The issue of this particular research is to highlight the relevance of enhanced recovery after surgery program. Abraham (2011, p.3) stated that the experiences of various patients who have taken the help of ERAS have been collected. They have provided positive and negative response both. As a result, the researcher has intended to collect sufficient data in this particular topic so that the advantages and the disadvantages of ERAS can be highlighted. Furthermore, this particular research project aims at to focus on which specific areas ERAS should implement their plan and policy within the organization more effectively so that the patients can be more benefited in order to satisfy their demand. Why it is an issue: Ahmed et al. (2012, p.1040) commented that ERAS has been rendered in UK for past ten years. It tends to use multimodal approach in order to provide an effective delivery to the patients. Multimodal approach is primarily a therapy that emphasizes on behaviour therapy. It concentrates on the feeling, imagination and interaction with the patients. The patients needs to keep well and relaxed before, during and after the surgery. For that purpose, the service providers tend to use various methods in order to keep the patients relaxed. In some cases, it has been observed that patients have given a negative response to the researcher about ERAS. That is the reason for why this particular matter has become an issue in order to identify the drawbacks of this multimodal approach for why patients intend to make various complains. Why it is an issue now: David (2015, p.920) stated that it has become an issue now because many researchers have intended to conduct research about this particular topic. They have tried to evaluate what are the requirements of the patients from ERAS primarily. In this study as well, the research has concentrated on the fact that what particular strategy ERAS should follow so that they can gain the trust of the patients. In order to make an effect communication with the patients, the service providers of ERAS have to follow some relevant systems and policies that been highlighted in this particular research work. What does it shed light on? This particular research has primarily focused on the effectiveness of ERAS and its feedback on behalf of the students. It has been observed that patients have created many complains at the service process of ERAS. Gustafsson (2011, p.572) opined that Strong communication barriers have been made between the service providers and the patients. As a result, the researcher has focused how to overcome this kind of situation so that patients can interact with the service providers without any hesitation. That is the primary concern of the researcher to interact with the patients properly with the help of qualitative research work so that patients can get an effective service from the service providers. Discussion: This particular project aims to use qualitative research method in order to conduct the work successfully. Kwaan (2011, p.600) opined that Qualitative research is a method or technique of data collection. It intends to acquire an in-depth understanding about a particular event. Different interviews have been conducted in order to collect sufficient data and information. Moreover, the researcher likes to collect data by applying observation method as well. By making an effective conversation with the participants, the researcher is able to gather many necessary data in order to accomplish the project successfully. Furthermore, qualitative research method helps the participants to express their point of view in a detailed manner so that those data can enhance the standard of research work. The researcher has chosen qualitative research method for this particular research instead of quantitative research because of some relevant reasons. Quantitative research is primarily based on the surveys and questionnaires. Thus, data that have been collected from surveys and questionnaires are mainly concerned with statistical data. Lohsiriwat (2014, p.139) commented that statistical data is not applicable for this specific research because it is very specific. Thus, the researcher would not be able to collect necessary feedback from the patients. On the other hand, by making effective interview by applying qualitative data, the researcher is able to gather detailed data in order to execute the research systematically. Mortensen et al. (2014, p.1209) opined that an effective interaction has also been made with the ERAS professionals in order to know their process of treatment in the service. The researcher has collected information of what strategy they tend to use for dealing wit h the patients properly. In this project, the researcher has made a brief interview with five patients having an experience of ERAS. They have expressed their point of views whether it is positive or negative. Rems et al. (2010, p.143) stated that One of the patients has stated that the professionals of ERAS need to interact with the patients more effectively beyond going any kind of cultural or religious biasness. They do not treat every patient with equal respect and dignity. As a result, communication barriers arise in between the patient and the service providers. Consequently, patients do not become able to express their problems clearly because of communication barrier. Some of the relevant data have also been collected from the family members of one particular patient. Slim (2015, p.95) commented that one of the members has expressed their views that ERAS professionals sometimes tend to avoid providing immediate response so about the patients. This major drawbacks needs to be changed on behalf of the professionals in order to provide a good service to the patients. Conclusion: This particular study has focused to collect sufficient data about the service procedure system of ERAS in order to satisfy the demand of the patients. For that purpose, interviews have been made in order to acquire knowledge and information about the experience of the patients regarding ERAS. In order to gather data about this particular topic, qualitative research method have been used in this study instead of quantitative method. In addition, the researcher has conducted an effective interaction with three ERAS professionals for collecting sufficient data about the systems, strategies and policies of providing effective service to the patients. Reference List: Abraham, N. (2011). Enhanced recovery after surgery programs hasten recovery after colorectal resections, WJGS, 3(1), pp.1-5. Ahmed, J., Khan, S., Lim, M., Chandrasekaran, T. and MacFie, J. (2012). Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols - compliance and variations in practice during routine colorectal surgery, Colorectal Disease, 14(9), pp.1045-1051. David, T. (2015). Enhanced recovery after surgery programs in patients undergoing hepatectomy: A meta-analysis, World Journal of Gastroenterology, 21(30), p.920-1000. Gustafsson, U. (2011). Adherence to the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol and Outcomes After Colorectal Cancer Surgery, Arch Surgery, 146(5), pp.571-580. Kwaan, M. (2011). Enhanced Recovery Programs: Major Benefits Demonstrated Again, Arch Surg, 146(5), pp.577-600. Lohsiriwat, V. (2014). Enhanced recovery after surgery vs conventional care in emergency colorectal surgery, World Journal of Gastroenterology, 20(38), pp.139-150. Mortensen, K., Nilsson, M., Slim, M., Mariette, C., Braga, M., Carli, F., Demartines, N., Griffin, S. and Lassen, K. (2014). Consensus guidelines for enhanced recovery after gastrectomy, British Journal of Surgery, 101(10), pp.1209-1229. Rems, M., Jurekovic, V. and Studen Pauletic, P. (2010). Enhanced Recovery Surgery Guideline, Principles of enhanced recovery after surgery are not easy to implement, 7(23), pp. 140-145. Slim, K. (2015). Re: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery and laparoscopic colorectal surgery: where to now, ANZ J Surgery, 85(12), pp.95-100.

Money and Banking free essay sample

Can you think of any financial innovation in the past ten years that has affected you personally? Has it made you better off or worse off? Why? Financial innovation has huge impact on our society. Those innovation are mostly making financial problems easier to deal with. For example ATM, e-banking†¦ Financial innovations are saving a lot of transaction costs. For me the best innovation was ATM. Where ever you go you can pull out you money from ATM little fee if you are not using your bank ATM machine. I am a student studying abroad, for me it was a big necessity to have international visa card to get my tuition, pocket money from my parents who leave in a different country. ATMs are very convenient to use, they are fast and no one else can know how much I have in my account (as a privacy). As another innovation is e-banking. We will write a custom essay sample on Money and Banking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I can check my balance through internet. Really safe and convenient. 2. What affect might a rise in stock prices have on consumer’s decision to spend? If stock price goes up than consumer’s willingness to spend would also increase, because the return(dividend) is going to be high too. The wealth that people were afraid to invest will be pushed upon the market. When an institution who are selling stocks they raise their stock price when they see that in the future they are going to make more money. Thats why they are build a fund to invest their new project. But there are also lots of people without wealth they will stay the same.

Pterosaurs - The Flying Reptiles - Evolution

Pterosaurs - The Flying Reptiles - Evolution Pterosaurs (winged lizards) hold a special place in the history of life on earth: they were the first creatures, other than insects, to successfully populate the skies. The evolution of pterosaurs roughly paralleled that of their terrestrial cousins, the dinosaurs, as the small, basal species of the late Triassic period gradually gave way to bigger, more advanced forms in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. (See a complete, A to Z list of pterosaurs.) Before we proceed, though, its important to address one important misconception. Paleontologists have found indisputable proof that modern birds are descended not from pterosaurs, but from small, feathered, land-bound dinosaurs (in fact, if you could somehow compare the DNA of a pigeon, a Tyrannosaurus Rex and a Pteranodon, the first two would be more closely related to each other than either would be to the third). This is an example of what biologists call convergent evolution: nature has a way of finding the same solutions (wings, hollow bones, etc.) to the same problem (how to fly). The First Pterosaurs As is the case with dinosaurs, paleontologists dont yet have enough evidence to identify the single ancient, non-dinosaur reptile from which all pterosaurs evolved (the lack of a missing linksay, a terrestrial archosaur with half-developed flaps of skinmay be heartening to creationists, but you have to remember that fossilization is a matter of chance. Most prehistoric species arent represented in the fossil record, simply because they died in conditions that didnt allow for their preservation.) The first pterosaurs for which we have fossil evidence flourished during the middle to late Triassic period, about 230 to 200 million years ago. These flying reptiles were characterized by their small size and long tails, as well as obscure anatomical features (like the bone structures in their wings) that distinguished them from the more advanced pterosaurs that followed. These rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs, as theyre called, include Eudimorphodon (one of the earliest pterosaurs known), Dorygnathus and Rhamphorhynchus, and they persisted into the early to middle Jurassic period. One problem with identifying the rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs of the late Triassic and early Jurassic periods is that most specimens have been unearthed in modern-day England and Germany. This isnt because early pterosaurs liked to summer in western Europe; rather, as explained above, we can only find fossils in those areas that lent themselves to fossil formation. There may well have been vast populations of Asian or North American pterosaurs, which may (or may not) have been anatomically distinct from the ones with which were familiar. Later Pterosaurs By the late Jurassic period, rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs had been pretty much replaced by pterodactyloid pterosaurslarger-winged, shorter-tailed flying reptiles exemplified by the well-known Pterodactylus and Pteranodon. (The earliest identified member of this group, Kryptodrakon, lived about 163 million years ago.) With their larger, more maneuverable wings of skin, these pterosaurs were able to glide farther, faster, and higher up in the sky, swooping down like eagles to pluck fish off the surface of oceans, lakes and rivers. During the Cretaceous period, pterodactyloids took after dinosaurs in one important respect: an increasing trend toward gigantism. In the middle Cretaceous, the skies of South America were ruled by huge, colorful pterosaurs like Tapejara and Tupuxuara, which had wingspans of 16 or 17 feet; still, these big fliers looked like sparrows next to the true giants of the late Cretaceous, Quetzalcoatlus and Zhejiangopterus, the wingspans of which exceeded 30 feet (far larger than the largest eagles alive today). Heres where we come to another all-important but. The enormous size of these azhdarchids (as giant pterosaurs are known) has led some paleontologists to speculate that they never actually flew. For example, a recent analysis of the giraffe-sized Quetzalcoatlus shows that it had some anatomical features (such as small feet and a stiff neck) ideal for stalking small dinosaurs on land. Since evolution tends to repeat the same patterns, this would answer the embarrassing question of why modern birds have never evolved to azhdarchid-like sizes. In any event, by the end of the Cretaceous period, the pterosaursboth large and smallwent extinct along with their cousins, the terrestrial dinosaurs and marine reptiles. Its possible that the ascendancy of true feathered birds spelled doom for slower, less versatile pterosaurs, or that in the aftermath of the K/T Extinction the prehistoric fish that these flying reptiles fed on were drastically reduced in number. Pterosaur Behavior Aside from their relative sizes, the pterosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods differed from one another in two important ways: feeding habits and ornamentation. Generally, paleontologists can infer a pterosaurs diet from the size and shape of its jaws, and by looking at analogous behavior in modern birds (such as pelicans and seagulls). Pterosaurs with sharp, narrow beaks most likely subsisted on fish, while anomalous genera like Pterodaustro fed on plankton (this pterosaurs thousand or so tiny teeth formed a filter, like that of a blue whale) and the fanged Jeholopterus may have sucked dinosaur blood like a vampire bat (though most paleontologists dismiss this notion). Like modern birds, some pterosaurs also had rich ornamentationnot brightly colored feathers, which pterosaurs never managed to evolve, but prominent head crests. For example, Tupuxuaras rounded crest was rich in blood vessels, a clue that it may have changed color in mating displays, while Ornithocheirus had matching crests on its upper and lower jaws (though its unclear if these were used for display or feeding purposes). Most controversial, though, are the long, bony crests atop the noggins of pterosaurs like Pteranodon and Nyctosaurus. Some paleontologists believe that Pteranodons crest served as a rudder to help stabilize it in flight, while others speculate that Nyctosaurus may have sported a colorful sail of skin. Its an entertaining idea, but some aerodynamics experts doubt that these adaptations could have been truly functional. Pterosaur Physiology The key trait that distinguished pterosaurs from land-bound feathered dinosaurs that evolved into birds was the nature of their wings which consisted of wide flaps of skin connected to an extended finger on each hand. Although these flat, broad structures provided plenty of lift, they may have been better suited to passive gliding than powered, flapping flight, as evidenced by the dominance of true prehistoric birds by the end of the Cretaceous period (which may be attributed to their increased maneuverability). Although theyre only distantly related, ancient pterosaurs and modern birds may have shared one important feature in common: a warm-blooded metabolism. Theres evidence that some pterosaurs (like Sordes) sported coats of primitive hair, a feature usually associated with warm-blooded mammals, and its unclear if a cold-blooded reptile could have generated enough internal energy to sustain itself in flight. Like modern birds, pterosaurs were also distinguished by their sharp vision (a necessity for hunting from hundreds of feet in the air!), which entailed a bigger-than-average brain than that possessed by terrestrial or aquatic reptiles. Using advanced techniques, scientists have even been able to reconstruct the size and shape of the brains of some pterosaur genera, proving that they contained more advanced coordination centers than comparable reptiles. Pterosaurs (winged lizards) hold a special place in the history of life on earth: they were the first creatures, other than insects, to successfully populate the skies. The evolution of pterosaurs roughly paralleled that of their terrestrial cousins, the dinosaurs, as the small, basal species of the late Triassic period gradually gave way to bigger, more advanced forms in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Before we proceed, though, its important to address one important misconception. Paleontologists have found indisputable proof that modern birds are descended not from pterosaurs, but from small, feathered, land-bound dinosaurs (in fact, if you could somehow compare the DNA of a pigeon, a Tyrannosaurus Rex and a Pteranodon, the first two would be more closely related to each other than either would be to the third). This is an example of what biologists call convergent evolution: nature has a way of finding the same solutions (wings, hollow bones, etc.) to the same problem (how to fly). The First Pterosaurs As is the case with dinosaurs, paleontologists dont yet have enough evidence to identify the single ancient, non-dinosaur reptile from which all pterosaurs evolved (the lack of a missing linksay, a terrestrial archosaur with half-developed flaps of skinmay be heartening to creationists, but you have to remember that fossilization is a matter of chance. Most prehistoric species arent represented in the fossil record, simply because they died in conditions that didnt allow for their preservation.) The first pterosaurs for which we have fossil evidence flourished during the middle to late Triassic period, about 230 to 200 million years ago. These flying reptiles were characterized by their small size and long tails, as well as obscure anatomical features (like the bone structures in their wings) that distinguished them from the more advanced pterosaurs that followed. These rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs, as theyre called, include Eudimorphodon (one of the earliest pterosaurs known), Dorygnathus and Rhamphorhynchus, and they persisted into the early to middle Jurassic period. One problem with identifying the rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs of the late Triassic and early Jurassic periods is that most specimens have been unearthed in modern-day England and Germany. This isnt because early pterosaurs liked to summer in western Europe; rather, as explained above, we can only find fossils in those areas that lent themselves to fossil formation. There may well have been vast populations of Asian or North American pterosaurs, which may (or may not) have been anatomically distinct from the ones with which were familiar. Later Pterosaurs By the late Jurassic period, rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs had been pretty much replaced by pterodactyloid pterosaurslarger-winged, shorter-tailed flying reptiles exemplified by the well-known Pterodactylus and Pteranodon. (The earliest identified member of this group, Kryptodrakon, lived about 163 million years ago.) With their larger, more maneuverable wings of skin, these pterosaurs were able to glide farther, faster, and higher up in the sky, swooping down like eagles to pluck fish off the surface of oceans, lakes and rivers. During the Cretaceous period, pterodactyloids took after dinosaurs in one important respect: an increasing trend toward gigantism. In the middle Cretaceous, the skies of South America were ruled by huge, colorful pterosaurs like Tapejara and Tupuxuara, which had wingspans of 16 or 17 feet; still, these big fliers looked like sparrows next to the true giants of the late Cretaceous, Quetzalcoatlus and Zhejiangopterus, the wingspans of which exceeded 30 feet (far larger than the largest eagles alive today). Heres where we come to another all-important but. The enormous size of these azhdarchids (as giant pterosaurs are known) has led some paleontologists to speculate that they never actually flew. For example, a recent analysis of the giraffe-sized Quetzalcoatlus shows that it had some anatomical features (such as small feet and a stiff neck) ideal for stalking small dinosaurs on land. Since evolution tends to repeat the same patterns, this would answer the embarrassing question of why modern birds have never evolved to azhdarchid-like sizes. In any event, by the end of the Cretaceous period, the pterosaursboth large and smallwent extinct along with their cousins, the terrestrial dinosaurs and marine reptiles. Its possible that the ascendancy of true feathered birds spelled doom for slower, less versatile pterosaurs, or that in the aftermath of the K/T Extinction the prehistoric fish that these flying reptiles fed on were drastically reduced in number. Pterosaur Behavior Aside from their relative sizes, the pterosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods differed from one another in two important ways: feeding habits and ornamentation. Generally, paleontologists can infer a pterosaurs diet from the size and shape of its jaws, and by looking at analogous behavior in modern birds (such as pelicans and seagulls). Pterosaurs with sharp, narrow beaks most likely subsisted on fish, while anomalous genera like Pterodaustro fed on plankton (this pterosaurs thousand or so tiny teeth formed a filter, like that of a blue whale) and the fanged Jeholopterus may have sucked dinosaur blood like a vampire bat (though most paleontologists dismiss this notion). Like modern birds, some pterosaurs also had rich ornamentationnot brightly colored feathers, which pterosaurs never managed to evolve, but prominent head crests. For example, Tupuxuaras rounded crest was rich in blood vessels, a clue that it may have changed color in mating displays, while Ornithocheirus had matching crests on its upper and lower jaws (though its unclear if these were used for display or feeding purposes). Most controversial, though, are the long, bony crests atop the noggins of pterosaurs like Pteranodon and Nyctosaurus. Some paleontologists believe that Pteranodons crest served as a rudder to help stabilize it in flight, while others speculate that Nyctosaurus may have sported a colorful sail of skin. Its an entertaining idea, but some aerodynamics experts doubt that these adaptations could have been truly functional. Pterosaur Physiology The key trait that distinguished pterosaurs from land-bound feathered dinosaurs that evolved into birds was the nature of their wings which consisted of wide flaps of skin connected to an extended finger on each hand. Although these flat, broad structures provided plenty of lift, they may have been better suited to passive gliding than powered, flapping flight, as evidenced by the dominance of true prehistoric birds by the end of the Cretaceous period (which may be attributed to their increased maneuverability). Although theyre only distantly related, ancient pterosaurs and modern birds may have shared one important feature in common: a warm-blooded metabolism. Theres evidence that some pterosaurs (like Sordes) sported coats of primitive hair, a feature usually associated with warm-blooded mammals, and its unclear if a cold-blooded reptile could have generated enough internal energy to sustain itself in flight. Like modern birds, pterosaurs were also distinguished by their sharp vision (a necessity for hunting from hundreds of feet in the air!), which entailed a bigger-than-average brain than that possessed by terrestrial or aquatic reptiles. Using advanced techniques, scientists have even been able to reconstruct the size and shape of the brains of some pterosaur genera, proving that they contained more advanced coordination centers than comparable reptiles.

Customer Relationship Management in Luxury Hair Salon Essay

Customer Relationship Management in Luxury Hair Salon - Essay Example Thus, Nevin submits marketing a bit broader than the CRM, though he does not negate the significance of customer relationship management. Customer relationship management has been the matter of special attention for the organizations, marketers, investors, and retailers. Feinberg et al. have conducted their research with a special concentration on CRM in electronic retails under the title â€Å"The State of Electronic Customer Relationship Management in Retailing† and concluded that it is customers which serve as the pivotal point around which all the activities and schemes of the business environment revolve. â€Å"A business and marketing strategy†, they submit, â€Å"aims to integrate its technology, productivity, and all business activities around the customers of the organization.† (2002: p 473) Hence, they viewed customers and their satisfaction as the asset of the companies, without the help of which no strategic policies could be adopted or implemented. Parvartiyar & Sheth have strived to find out the relationship of marketing with the customer relationship management. â€Å"CRM†, according to them, â€Å"represents an enterprise approach to developing full knowledge about customer behavior and preferences and to developing programmes and strategies that encourage the customers to continuously enhance their business relationship with the company.† (2001: p 2-3) The writers are of the view that customer relationship management is highly supportive in completely understanding the growing needs and requirements of the customers, which is the most important issue for the growth and development of the organization. Hill, in his article, vehemently emphasizes upon the capturing of profitable customers for the enhancement of marketing and sales. â€Å"The most important thing in sales and marketing†, he views, â€Å"is  to attract and retain your most profitable business customers. In order to accomplish this feat, you must devise and implement a customer strategy that builds, fosters, nurtures and extends relationships with your customers. Your company profits only when the earnings from retained customers exceed the costs to acquire and to service customers over time.† (Retrieved from Helium.com)

CV about SWOT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

CV about SWOT - Assignment Example Either alone or as a member of a team, my experience demands problems solving techniques on any project or system. I have worked for small and influential companies. Modern technology has caused the duties of a mechanical engineer to be advanced. I have a course in computers programming, and I can use information technology and computer techniques when need arises. While working for large companies, I had to be part of a team. This gave me the experience to be a team player and to appreciate harmony within team makes.   In small companies, teams were understated, and I developed and independent mind when it comes to looking for solutions. My academic transcripts indicate a top student especially in math’s and physics and one who is in this field out of passion. My experience was consolidated while I attended internship in the course of learning. I was able to acquire skills from the ground and improve on inadequacies.WeaknessesEngineering field is a wide field and requires v ast experience and exposure (Derbyshire 2012). The exposure I have is helpful but has room for improvement. This is because the mechanical engineering field is dynamic and enormous. It demands time and aggressiveness in order to have knowledge on systems. The other weakness is the use of old technology especially in the student’s laboratories.OpportunitiesThe field of mechanical engineering is widening in scope and capacity. Many industries and opening with an aim of developing state -of -the -art- machines using complex systems.  

The Key Providers In Travel And Tourism Industry Essay

The Key Providers In Travel And Tourism Industry - Essay Example Internationally renowned vehicle rental agencies like Avis, Hertz, Thrifty, Dollar, National, Enterprise and Budget can be found at or near every major airport in the world. Passengers arriving on various airline flights arrange to rent vehicles from these agencies for the duration of their stay in the city or cities of that country. Such vehicle rental offices are staffed round the clock by well-trained staff and provide quality customer service. Many important points are considered by passengers before they choose a suitable car rental agency such as: Does the agency have a good customer service record? Does it credit frequent flyer or frequent guest programs with points? Does it carry the type of cars that the passenger likes to drive such as a new, used Ford, G.M and luxury or specialty vehicle? Does it have agreements with hotel chains, airlines and credit card companies that could save the passenger money in these areas? Does it offer a Premium Club where a passenger can sign u p all rental information – like rental preferences, decisions on insurance coverage and fuel replacement - in advance to shorten or eliminate the time spent at the counter? The airlines and transport providers are continuously linked and depend on each other – to the airline, the vehicle rental agencies are important as they provide reliable, crucially needed services to the passengers who travel on their aircraft; to the vehicle rental agencies, the airlines are important as they provide business to them in the form of passengers

US Criminal Justice: Ethics and Professional Behaviour

US Criminal Justice: Ethics and Professional Behaviour Ethics and professional behaviour are an important part of criminal justice administration. Ethics involves making moral judgements about what is good or bad, right or wrong. Ethics help us to make right choices when we are in a dilemma which involves moral issues. The Criminal justice administration faces ethical issues very often and it is important to deal with them in a professional manner. The administration suffers with issues in certain situations that are hard to handle and it is the duty or rather we can say the criminal justice administration are obliged to make moral judgements of what is right or wrong and this is done with the help of proper critical thinking. Good ethics contribute to professional behaviour. Law enforcement plays a major role in professional behaviour and ethics. The unethical acts by criminal justice are serious and there are possibilities for conflicts in the areas of criminal justice leading to unethical decisions. It is necessary that ethics and pro fessional behaviour are practiced every time. If the administration is unethical and there is no professional behaviour then it is obvious for the society to lose faith in the criminal justice system. Ethics and professional behaviour are directly related to each other. Lack of ethics lead to lack of professional behaviour which means a weak criminal justice administration. Ethics are moral values or moral judgements which we make in order to decide what is right or wrong, good or bad. For making this type of decision, one needs to have a sound mind and the moral principles do not apply themselves, a thinking mind is required to asses facts and interpret situations. Moral agents make moral judgements and it is our duty to use the ethical principles in a right way. Moral principles mean something only when manifested in behaviour. For this, force should be embodied in action and this action requires an insight. Ethical persons are motivated to do what is morally right but they can only do so if they know what it is. It is important that the ethically motivated persons should learn the art of self-critique, moral examination to become attuned to the pervasive pitfalls of moral judgement: moral intolerance, self-deception, and uncritical uniformity. (http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/ethics-without-indoctrination/494). Morality and character can be cul tivated without being indoctrinated by putting in the critical thinking into the heart of ethical curriculum, critical thinking for everyone. Hence, it can be said that without critical thinking ethics and professional behaviour cant be maintained. Thus, critical thinking plays a major role. Our greatest training is ethics and leadership is required in order to boost its growth. It is seen that most departments dont conduct ethics training and the consequences of these unethical behaviour is devastating. One of the more detrimental consequences of unethical behaviour is subjecting of an agency to civil litigation. Litigations have various forms: racial and sexual discrimination, sexual harassment suits etc. Lack of ethical behaviour leads to loss of jobs of the officers and many a times the unemployment compensation is not even offered. It is also noticed that many a times the officers commit suicide as they fail to deal with the unethical acts. Hence, one should try and prevent any kind of unethical act as it will help us to save the lives of our officers. The most extensive ethics training survey conducted by law enforcement was undertaken in 1997. This in return, has produced several recommendations for changes in how one should address the ethics today. Hence, ethics training should highly be encouraged and seminars should be conducted so that our officers deal with unethical behaviour without fearing anything and should join hands to eliminate it. The fundamental duties of Law Enforcement Officers include: serving the mankind, safeguarding lives of the people and property, protecting the weak against oppression, maintaining law and order, and to respect the Constitutional rights of everyone. They are honest in thought and deed and obey the laws of the land and regulations of their department. He should make sure that his personal feelings and friendships dont influence his decisions. He should see that he doesnt makes any kind of compromises for crime and that he will enforce the laws accordingly and appropriately without any favour or malice. The officer should realise that his badge is a symbol of public faith and it is his duty to be true to the ethics of the police service. All these areas should be stressed in the seminar on law enforcement. Ethical training overrules all other training needs. Ethical training emphasizes the importance of thinking before acting. It adds value to the organization and to the community. The study of ethics increases sensitivity to the issues of right or wrong and the right way to conduct oneself. Only through studying ethics is it possible to define and detect unethical behavior. The study of the ethics enables the development of tools that enhances ones decision making. The training in ethics helps to develop analytical skills and reasoning abilities which are required to understand the theoretical as well as practical aspects of criminal justice system. The expected benefits of training the officers are: To recognize the ethical problem, To make a sound choice and right decision, To accept his responsibility. Provides ethical tools to deal with ethical problems. Ethics training should provide tools that assist them to think and act ethically in both their personal and professional lives. Ethics training encourages the professional to be an integrated person and this integrity must be personal as well as professional. Ethics training can be thus viewed as Risk Management because their motto is to prevent injuries to people and thats what ethical training aims at. Thus, it can be said that ethics training program provides tools which helps make a right decision which will contribute to the betterment of the community even. Answer to Question 2 Police agencies have got various functions which include preventing and controlling the conduct and behavior that threatens property or life, maintaining security etc. Sometimes the police agencies even take care of those who are incapable of taking their own care, for example physically challenged or mentally ill people. It is their duty to resolve the conflicts that arise and to identify the problems that give rise to danger. The police agencies differ depending on the three levels local, state and federal levels. Local agencies deal with emergency services, routine patrol, and detention for juveniles, community relations, record keeping, creating agendas etc. The primary purpose of these local agencies is to uphold the laws of the jurisdiction and investigate crimes at local level. State agencies are supposed to maintain public relations, safety and the criminal investigations. Federal agencies are specialized, having separate mandates to enforce certain types of federal laws (there are about 200 federal crimes). (http://www.faculty.ncwc.edu/mstevens/111/111lect05.htm) It deal with matters affecting the entire country i.e. terrorism, organized crime etc. Comparison: Local, State and Federal agencies share the same roles and functions as it is mentioned above. Contrasts: The difference lies only in cases of certain jurisdictions that affect the funding, operation and support. Local levels: The officers here are supported largely by the support staffs, detectives, jailers and protect the citizens and to enforce the laws passed at all levels of the government. They differ from the state and federal level as their activities are confined only to the jurisdictions they have been assigned. State Levels: The officers working under state level enforce local, state and federal laws; many are even found enforcing state traffic, civil or criminal laws. Even the officers in the state prison are taken as a part of law enforcement efforts different from others in that they enforce state laws within state institution. Federal levels: Different types of agents are employed including the special agents, ranging from the FBI (federal bureau of investigation), Bureau of alcohol to the Indian Affairs bureau. Their task is not to enforce state or local laws but to intervene when matters at global level are concerned. The law enforcement field is changing in its organizational strategies, methods and various aspects. Organizational management aims in improving the services, and the trends of development at various levels of the policing organizations. As we all know that the police agencies are bestowed with routine functions at numerous operational levels. These agencies highly contribute to the criminal justice systems and contribute to the other organizations. The trends on which the future policing will operate depend upon the way each of the organization is affected. It is these trends which clarify the operational aspects within the policing organizations. The management employs different levels of people to make decisions based on the success of the organization. The organizational management differs at all the three levels as the local levels are confined to the jurisdictions assigned where as the state levels enforces laws of state, locals as well as federal and the federal levels looks a fter the matters relating to the global level. Answer to Question 3 The safeguards against application of criminal laws are the criminal procedures. These procedures are designed to enforce the constitutional rights of criminal suspects and defendants. The constitutional provisions are mentioned in the IV, V, VI and VIII Amendments to the U.S Constitution. Fourth Amendment: (Exclusionary Rule) The right to be free from unreasonable searches and arrests is covered by the fourth amendment. The people shall be free and it is the right of the people to be secure in their houses against any kind of seizures. The warrants against the person shall only be issued if there is an authentic cause and the warrant shall be supported by an oath or affirmation which includes the details of the place to be searched. Since fourth amendment prohibits unreasonable searches hence, a warrant isnt required often. The U.S. Supreme Court has held that the Fourth Amendment doesnt require a warrant for all searches; rather it prohibits unreasonable searches. (http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Criminal_Procedure.aspx ) Fifth Amendment: (Miranda warnings) It deals with concerns which require proper procedures to be followed, like the death penalty, multiple trials for same criminal offence which is also referred to as Double Jeopardy, self incrimination etc. It states that no person shall be held to answer for a capital unless on presentment of a Jury, no person shall be subject for the same offence twice put in jeopardy of life, and that no person shall be deprived of liberty, property without the process of law. Sixth Amendment: (Right to Counsel and Speedy trial) It provides that the accused shall enjoy the Right to public trial by an impartial Jury of State in all criminal prosecutions; he should be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation, he should be made to confront with the witnesses against him and to have processes to obtain the witnesses in his favour. The federal courts must comply with all the criminal procedures that are listed in the Constitution. For State Courts, the Supreme Court has adopted an approach called the selective incorporation approach where fundamental rights are protected which include freedom from unreasonable researches, freedom from cruel punishment; assistance of counsel, protection against double jeopardy etc. In juvenile proceedings, juvenile courts must afford to the juveniles basic constitutional protections. It is also been held that the Fourth Amendment requires that a juvenile who is arrested without a warrant should be provided with a probable cause hearing. The exclusionary rule applies to federal adjudications. In juvenile proceedings, the juveniles are entitled to the Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination despite the non-criminal nature of the proceedings. The Fifth Amendment applies since a juvenile defendants liberty is at stake. The Sixth Amendment applies to juveniles just as it applies to the adults accused of crime. Discuss the impact that these safeguards (e.g., Right to Counsel, Miranda Warnings, and speedy trial, the exclusionary rule, etc.) have on the day-to- day operation of adult and juvenile courts. It has been seen that under the automobile exception, warrantless searches of an automobile may be permitted if the police officer believes that a certain automobile holds the evidence of a crime. This exception is in no ways a violation of the Fourth Amendment because the vehicles are mobile and the drivers dont really have much privacy. This reduced expectation of privacy permits the officers with probable cause to search a vehicle and inspect the passenger and drivers belongings. However, it is not required by the states to adopt this exception as expanded protections are provided by New Hampshire under the Fourth Amendment. The Exclusionary Rule deals with the protection of the rights to be free from unreasonable searches. It holds that the subject matter that is obtained illegally by the officers must not be used as evidence. To make an arrest, police needs to have an arrest warrant and if the police believes that there is a probable cause and there was no time to create the warrant then he can make a warrantless arrest. In dealing with juveniles, police issue Miranda Warnings to youths prior to custodial investigation. (http://cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/A-separate-system-for-juveniles.topicArticleId-10065,articleid-10059.html ) At the time of the arrest it is important that the officer reads out the Miranda warnings to the arrestee, which says that the arrestee might obtain the right to counsel and the right to remain silent. In case these warnings are not read out then the statements he would make after the arrest may be excluded from the trial. Hence, it is visible that these constitutional safeguards affect the adult and juvenile courts and has a huge impact. Answer to Question 4 Impact of globalization on the U.S. criminal justice system Globalization refers to the global outlook of different nations of the globe who unite in terms of economy, society and politics. Globalization talks of all the nations as a whole and thus, it has been successful in reuniting all the nations together as one. Globalization aims at helping nations communicate with each other and therefore, the whole process of globalization is an amalgamation of integration and interaction among people belonging to different nations, cast, and organizations of various nations. Economic integration through investment and trade, political interaction, information technologies and culture constitutes its various magnitudes which directly affect the environment. Globalization has a huge impact on the lives of people and has greatly affected the world. Movement of materials and goods within national boundaries is easily possible, it is easy to procure external financing opportunities, the markets are now interrelated and nations are ready to provide their s upport, any kind of information can now be sent from one part to another with the help of satellites and internet, due to globalization people communicate through social networks and make friends across the globe etc. As technology advances and the power of technologies improve, it is obvious that the opportunity for cyber crimes will also increase. With the advance in technologies, a day will come when it will be real difficult to catch hold of these cyber criminals so it is necessary that a Criminal justice system is formulated which keeps themselves updated with the new technologies. Technological advances have a great influence in crime fighting. Crimes can be prevented by the use of advanced technologies like DNA analysis, radio frequency, surveillance developments etc. Because of globalization the people can even use intelligence databases which are usually carried by the police. Also, bilateral transfer of information between the countries will lead to changes in the countrys criminal justice system. Globalization has improved the technologies and in a way has brought carious nations close together. An anti-terrorism legislation investigates the terrorist cases and the process of screening, investigating has changed. A desire to improve the persisting relations has been expressed and jurisdiction programs and activities have been adopted to improve relations. Hence, it can be said that globalization has had a great impact in improving the U.S criminal justice system. Comparison among Civil Law, Common law, and Islamic Law and Socialist Law traditions The four legal traditions are as follows: Civil Law systems: It is the largest and most prevalent system of justice in the world. It is also referred as Continental justice, Roman law or Germano-romanic justice. Roman law is practiced in places like Germany, France and throughout Latin America. The object of civil law is the redress of wrongs by compelling compensation or restitution. (http://www.diffen.com/difference/Civil_law_vs_criminal_law) Legal scholarships are sophisticated in this kind of system and it has respect for tradition whereas in case of common law anybody can get a scholarship. The leaders of the continental justice are considered above the law whereas in common law nobody is above the law. Common law systems: These traditions exist in the U.S, Australia, England, Canada, India and colonies of Africa. They believe that any law originates in customs. In this system, the lawyers make interpretations and the precedents have control over the judges. Public trial is a very important constituent of this law system. Socialist law systems: This kind of tradition exists in Africa, Asia and parts of Latin America wherever there has been a communist revolution. It is also referred to as Communist Justice or Marxist Leninist justice. It is a positive law which aims at improvement. Administrative law prevails here as the decisions are mostly taken by the non-officials and neither judges nor lawyers are permitted to make law. Islamic systems: Famous as Muslim or Arabic justice. All the procedures and practices in this law are derived from the Koran. These are in the form of commands or orders which rule the life of an individual. It is the only law which believes that each and every law is of divine origin. Like in Roman or Common law, it might happen that an unlawful/unethical behavior is tolerated but in case of Islamic law never. Since, only a few verses of the Koran are used in Islamic law hence, it is mandatory that the religion plays an important role. Impact of cyber crime and technology on worldwide justice systems Cybercrime or criminal crime is a criminal activity where a computer is a source, target and place of the crime. It comprises of embezzlement, forgery, theft, fraud or blackmail and all this involves the presence of computers. Cybercrime ranges from email spams to threats of cyber wars, few of its forms are examples of simple theft such as stealing credit cards, bank account passwords etc. As the technology advances and the power of technologies improve, the opportunity for cyber related crimes will also gain momentum. So, it is important that the criminal justice systems keeps up with the advancing technologies or else it would get difficult to get hold of these cyber criminals. Cyber crime has huge impact on the victims and the criminal justice system despite the presence of network security programs and organizations who work to counteract these crime related threats, cybercrime continue to increase. It shouldnt mean that because cybercrime occurs therefore, we will stop using int ernet to work or play. Majority of sites on the internet are legitimate and our lives are highly enhanced because of the cyber tools. Users susceptibility to cybercrime can be reduced by the conduct of training programs by the employers as a part of security plan. Measures have been taken by the organizations to reduce the spread of cybercrimes. Globalization has greatly influenced the lives of the people by bringing in new methods and technologies and it has its own negative impact too. Advancement in the technologies has also contributed to the increased number of cybercrimes. The policing systems on a worldwide scale Statistics say that more than 800,000 people are employed by 17,500 police agencies at national, state, county and municipal levels. These agencies comprise of 50 federal law enforcement agencies, 49 state police departments, special police agencies 1,721 in number, 3,086 sheriffs departments and 12,502 municipal police departments. (http://cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/polce-systems.topicArticleId-10065,articleId-9950.html) Federal police agencies: these are a part of the executive branch of national government. Major federal law enforcements agencies are : Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): Their duty is to protect the nation from crimes such as organized crime, terrorism, civil-right crimes, and violent crimes. It is also their duty to assist other agencies (local, state and federal) through its crime statistics, training academy etc. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF): the job of this agency is to find out the use of explosives and firearms by the criminals. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA): Al the federal drug-control laws are enforced by DEA. The agents arrest drug traffickers. The Secret services: This service aims at protecting the President and other officials of federal government. The officers of federal law enforcement are being stationed overseas in order to combat the crimes such as terrorism, money laundering etc. State Police The tasks of the State Police agencies involves To assist the local law enforcement organizations in cases of criminal investigations. To maintain crime records for the State. To train municipal and county police; and To patrol the state highways. The Directors of the State police are appointed by the Governor. The California Highway patrol is the nations largest State Police Force. County Police The responsibility of policing the rural and unincorporated areas in the United States is of the Sheriffs. These sheriffs perform various kinds of duties which consists law enforcement and other court duties. They also serve as officers of county courts. Bailiffs are provided by the sheriffs office to provide security and to manage the defendants on trial. The sheriffs even transport prisoners from one court to another as required. Municipal police The responsibility of dealing with the violent crimes rest on the shoulders of city police and these are the ones who swear to protect the nation from the crimes. Big city police departments are headed over by the Chiefs who are appointed by the mayors. Major crimes and criminal issues that have a global impact on justice systems and processes The fall of the Soviet Empire lead to the downfall of various national armies all over the world. For example, in Somalia and Yugoslavia, the end of cold war meant a rapid escalation of instability and conflict as the former allies lost interests in keeping the governments in power. (http://www.themontrealreview.com/2009/Contracting-peacekeeping-operations-to-the-private-sector.php) The experiences of the U.S with security companies in Afghanistan and Iraq lead to serious problems like misconduct of the operations and dishonest business practices. A revolution in peace keeping was brought about by the Cold War; and this peacekeeping tried to keep neutrality. As mentioned above, post Cold-War the need for a new and improved peacekeeping was felt and there was increased instability. The rise and rapid fall of new world order in peacekeeping was seen in the 1990s and Bosnia, Rwanda and Somalia became the nadir in the three acts of peacekeeping. It was realized that some changes need to be made and thus Brahmi Report was brought in the 2000s. The recommendations brought improvements in the U.N. Department of Peacemaking Operations. It is noticed that inspite of the implementations in the peacekeeping order, the pace is still slow and inefficient. The three failures of the 1990s i.e. Bosnia, Somalia and Rwanda it was decided that a new improved peacekeeping order is required which was mentioned in the Brahmi Report of 2000 which resulted in an improved peacekeeping. It was also seen that few militaries targeted their own citizens and were involved in wars with their neighbors. For instance, Rwandas interfering in the Democratic Public of Congo) Todays century peacemaking techniques help the peacemakers to reduce the harm to the peace making order. It took three years for the Democratic Republic of China to gain strong troop strength and the attacks continued for about six years. In the same way missions in Darfur and the DRC suffered from low troop numbers. In the U.S, the Secretary of Defense hired a company to consult with the armed forces to unveil cost-saving measures. This showed that PMSCs had a great role to play. The deaths of 30 U.S military servicemen and the videos of their naked corpses led to the Somalia Syndrome. The infamous case of Rwanda in 1994 threw light on the consequences of lack of action by the international community. PMSCs have been active in Somalia since the beginning of the decade. The serious issues include illegal fishing, piracy, and the dumping of toxic wastes. Each of the three Somali governments has engaged separate PMSCs to secure the maritime trade and counteract such activities. The criminal jurisdiction and responsibilities should be resided with the U.N. as no other State have ensured that crimes should be looked into and answered other than the PMSCs. The UN has taken up the responsibility for the forces which are put under its commands on various occasions.